Hello Students: DAY-2 Evening Coffee with NEET

HELLO STUDENTS: DAY-2 Evening 

1. SPECIFIC HYBRID VARIETIES IN PLANT BREEDING:

*SHARBATI SONARA = Wheat variety.

*ATOMITA 2 RICE = Saline tolerance and pest resistance of Rice

*THICK SHELL GROUND NUT=Mutant variety of Ground nut

*SONALIKA = Semi Dwarf variety of Wheat.

*KALYAN SONA= Semi Dwarf variety of Wheat.

*IR-8="Miracle Rice ", Semi -Dwarf rice variety.(developed at International Rice Research Institute (IRRI,Philippines),introduced in1966.

*JAYA and RATNA = Semi Dwarf variety of Rice developed in India.

*Taichung Native -1 (from Taiwan) =  Semi Dwarf variety of paddy.

*NORIN 10 Wheat = Semi Dwarf Wheat  cultivar( having Rht1and Rht2 genes) with large ears developed in Japan.

*Hybrid variety of Sugar cane with high yield, thick stems,higher sugar obtained by crossing Saccharum barberi of North India and Saccharum officinarum of South India.

*PROTINA,SHAKTI and RATTAN = Lysine rich maize hybrids.

*ATLAS 66 = Protein rich Wheat variety.

*TMV-2 and AK-10 = Ground nut varieties.

*TV-29 = Triploid variety of Tea(Polyploid breeding).

*TRITICALE =An hexaploid hybrid of Wheat(Triticum durum,2n = 28) and Rye(Secale cecale ,2n = 14 and the First man made cereal.

*Raphanobrassica(2n = 4X = 36) = An allotetraploid between Radish (Raphanus sativus,2n = 18) and Cabbage(Brassica oleracea,2n = 18).

2.DISEASE RESISTANT VARITIES IN PLANT BREEDING:

*HIMGIRI = Wheat (Leaf and stripe rust and Hill bunt )

*PUSA SWARNIM(or)KARAN RAI) = Brassica(White rust)

*PUSA SHUBHRA and PUSA SNOWBALL K-1 =Cauliflower (Black rot, Curl blight  black rot )

*PUSA KOMAL = Cowpea(Bacterial blight)

*PUSA SADABAHAR = Chilli (Chilli mosaic disease, Tobacco mosaic disease and leaf curl.

3.PEST RESISTANT VARITIES IN PLANT BREEDING:

*PUSA GAURAV = Brassica or rapeseed mustard(Aphids)

*PUSA SEM 2 and PUSA SEM 3 = Flat bean(Jassids,aphids and fruit borer)

*PUSA SAWANI and PUSA A-4 = Okra/Bhindi/Lady's finger(Shoot and Fruit borer).

4.NICK NAMES USED IN ECONOMIC BOTANY:

*National fruit of India = Mango(Mangifera indica).

*State fruit of Tamilnadu = Jack fruit (Artocarpus heterophylla).

*"Queen of Spices" = Cardamom(Elettaria cardamomum).

*"King of Spices"and "Black Gold of India" = Pepper(Piper nigram).

*Cayenne pepper = Chillies (or )Red Pepper(Capsicum annuum).

*"Madurai malli" = Jasmine (Jasminum grandiflorum).

"King of Bitters" = Nilavembu (Andrographis paniculata).

5. COMMONLY USED OTHER NAMES IN BOTANY:

*Xylem fibres = Libriform fibres

*Phloem fibres=Bast fibres (or)Extra Xylary fibres

*Xylem=Hadrome

*Phloem=Leptome

*Brachysclereids=Stone cells

*Osteosclereids=Bone cells

*Astrosclereids= Star cells

*Macrosclereids=Rod cells

*Subsidiary cells =Accessory cells

*Bulliform cells=Motor cells

*Pith= Medulla(or)Intra stelar ground tissue.

*Cortex= Extra Stelar ground tissue

*Albuminous cells=Strasburger cells

*Rib meristem= File meristem

*Xylem vessels= Trachea

*Root Epidermis =Piliferous layer (or)Epiblema.

*Bundle cap=Hardbast 

*Respiratory cavity= Substomatal cavity

*Bundle Sheath of Dicot leaf= Border parenchyma.

*Bundle Sheath of C4 grasses=Kranz sheath.

*Porous wood= Hard wood

*Non-Porous wood= Soft wood

*Cork=Phellem

*Cork cambium=Phellogen

*Secondary cortex=Phelloderm

*Sap wood=Alburnum

*Heart wood= Duramen

*Hydathodes= Water Stomata.

*Dark Reaction=C3Cycle (or)Biosynthetic phase (or)Photosynthetic Carbon Reduction(PCR) Cycle.

*Hatch and Slack Pathway =C4 Cycle (or)Dicarboxylic Acid pathway (or)Dicarboxylation pathway.

*Crassulacean Acid Metabolism=CAM cycle.

*Photorespiration=C2 Cycle(or)Photosynthetic Carbon Oxidation (PCO) Cycle.

*Glycolysis= EMP pathway

*Krebs Cycle=Citric acid cycle or TCA Cycle (or) Tri Carboxylic Acid cycle

*Penrose Phosphate Pathway =Phospho Gluconate Pathway(or)Warburg -Dickens Lippmann pathway (or)Hexose monophosphate shunt (HMP Shunt).

*Amphicribral vascular=Hadrocentric vascular concentric bundle.

*Amphivasal vascular bundle = Leptocentric vascular bundle.

*Plant taxonomy=Systematic Botany.

*Herbarium= Dead Garden

*Malvaceae=Cotton Family

*Solanaceae=Potato Family

*Euphorbiaceae= Castor Family

*Musaceae= Banana Family

* DNA duplex= "Coil of life"

*Chargaff's law= Base pair rule.

*Transfer RNA= Soluble RNA(sRNA)

*Ribosomal RNA= Stable RNA

*Restriction Endonucleases=Molecular Scissors

*DNA ligase=Molecular paste.

*Heterosis=Hybrid vigour.

6. CHROMOSOME NUMBERS OF PLANTS IN DIPLOID STATE:

*Papaya(Carica papaya)=36

*Radish(Raphanus sativus)=18

*Cabbage(Brassica oleracea)=18

*Pisum sativum (Garden pea)=14

*Arabidopsis thaliana =10

*Apple=34

*Ophioglossum(Adder's tongue fern)=1262

*Equisetum((Horsetail)=216

*Sugarcane=80

*Rice= 24

*Potato=48

*Maize=20

*Onion=16

*Giant Sequoia=22

*Haplopappus gracilis=4

By

Mr.R.Soundarapandian, MSc, MEd, MPhil, 

PG Asst Zoology 

Sir MCTM Boys Higher Secondary School, 

Purasawalkam Chennai-84.