Hello Students: DAY- 7 Evening Coffee with NEET

HELLO STUDENTS: DAY- 7 Evening

1.TECHNOLOGIES INVOLVED IN BIOREMEDIATION 

(Bioremediation is the use of microorganisms or plants to clean up environmental pollution):

*PHYTOREMEDIATION= Use of plants to bring about remediation of environmental pollutants.

*MYCOREMEDIATION= Use of fungi to bring about remediation of environmental pollutants.

*BIOVENTING= It is the process that increases oxygen or air flow to accelerate the degradation of environmental pollutants.

*BIOLEACHING= It is the use of microorganisms in solution to recover metal pollutants from contaminated sites.

*BIOAUGMENTATION= It is the addition of selected microbes to speed up degradation process.

*COMPOSTING= It is the process by which the solid waste is composted by the use of microbes into manure which act as a nutrient for plant growth.

*RHIZOFILTRATION= It is the uptake of metals or degradation of organic compounds by rhizosphere microorganisms.

*RHIZOSTIMULATION= It is the stimulation of plant growth by the rhizosphere by providing better growth condition or reduction in toxic materials.

2.TYPES OF CARBON:

*GREEN CARBON= Carbon stored in the  biosphere (by the process of photosynthesis).

*GREY CARBON= Carbon stored in fossil fuel (coal,oil and biogas deposits in the lithosphere).

*BLUE CARBON= Carbon stored in the atmosphere and oceans.

*BROWN CARBON= Carbon stored in industrialized forests ( wood used in making commercial articles)

*BLACK CARBON= Carbon emitted from gas , diesel engine and coal fired power plants.

3.POST FERTILIZATION STRUCTURE AND EVENTS 

( Transformation after fertilization):

*Sepals,Petals,Stamens,Style and Stigma= Usually  wither and fall off

*Ovary= Fruit

*Ovule= Seed

*Egg= Zygote

*Funicle= Stalk of the seed

*Micropyle of ovule = Micropyle of the seed facilitates Oxygen  and water uptake.

*Nucellus= Perisperm

*Outer integument of ovule= Testa (outer seed coat)

*Inner integument= Tegmen(inner seed coat)

*Synergid cells = will degenerate

*Secondary nucleus= Endosperm

*Antipodal cells= will degenerate.

4.TYPES OF OVULES IN PLANTS:

*ORTHOTROPOUS= Piperaceae,Polygonaceae(in this micropyle is at distal end, micropyle, funicle and chalaza are in one straight vertical line )

*ANATROPOUS= common Dicot and Monocot(completely inverted, micropyle and funiculus are found near close)

*HEMIANATROPOUS= Primulaceae(in this body of the ovule is placed  transversely at the right angles to the funicle )

*CAMPYLOTROPOUS= Legiminosae(ovule at the micropylar end is curved and  and bean shaped, embryo sac is slightly curved)

*AMPHITROPOUS=Alismataceae(The distance between hilum and chalaza is less,horse shoe shaped nucellus)

*CIRCINOTROPOUS=Cactaceae(Funiculus is very long and surrounds the ovule).

5.TYPE OF ENTRY OF POLLEN TUBE INTO THE OVULE:

*POROGAMY= When the pollen tube enters through the micropyle.

*CHALAZOGAMY= When the pollen tube enters through the Chalaza.

*MESOGAMY= When the pollen tube enters through the integument.

6.IMPORTANT INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVE ON ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES:

*VIENNA CONVENTION= 1985, for protection of Ozone layer.

*MONTREAL PROTOCOL= In1987 but effective in 1989,Held  at Montreal (Canada) to protect Ozone layer and controlling emission of Ozone depleting substances(ODS).

*EARTH SUMMIT= In 1992,at Rio de Janeiro (Brazil),Aim is conservation of biodiversity.

*KYOTO PROTOCOL= In 1997,At Kyoto,Japan(COP-3) Conference of parties,Aim is to reduce the emission of Green House Gases.

*ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ACT= In 1986,to protect and improve environmental quality.

*WORLD SUMMIT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT= Held in 2002,at Jahannesburg, South Africa,Aim is to protect Biodiversity.

*DOHA CONVENTION= Held in 2012,Doha,Qatar.Aim is climate change protection.

*PARIS AGREEMENT (COP-21)= held in 2015,Paris.Aim is Climate change protection.

*KIGALI AMENDMENT= Held in 2016 at Kigali,Rwanda(African country).Aim is to reduce ozone layer depletion.

7.ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS:

*The Insecticide Act ,1968

*The Water( Prevention and control of Pollution Act,1974

*The Air Prevention Act,1981(amended in Chennai1987)

*The Environment Protection Act ,1986

*National Forest Policy,1988.Recommended 33% forest cover for planes and 67% for the hills.

By

Mr.R.Soundarapandian, MSc, MEd, MPhil, 

PG Asst Zoology 

SIR MCTM Boys Higher Secondary School, 

Purasawalkam Chennai-84.