Hello Students: DAY- 7 Morning Coffee with NEET

HELLO STUDENTS: DAY- 7 Morning

1.IMPORTANT SECONDARY METABOLITES FROM PLANTS:

*ACALYPHINE= Acalypha indica (Rhematoid arthritis)

*DIGOXIN= Digitalis purpuria ( Heart disease, Cardiac tonic)

*CODEINE= Papaver sominiferum (Pain killer- Analgesic)

*MARMELOSIN= Aegle marmelos( Stomach indigestion,Heart and Brain tonic)

*CAPSAICIN= Capsicum annum(Rheumatic pain treatment)

*EMETIN= Psychotria ipecacuanha,Cephalis(or)Ipecoc(Emetic,antiprotozoal)

*VINCRISTINE= Catharanthus roseus (or)Vinca rosea ( Anti - carcinogenic,Cancer treatment)

* PRESCENE= Cissus quarangularis(HADJOR-Bone joiner,treats bone fractures and asthma)

*MORPHINE= Papaver sominiferum (or)Opium poppy(Strongest pain killer)

*QUININE= Cinchona officinalis( Anti- malarial,Treats malaria)

*EPHEDRINE= Ephedra sonica(Treat cough)

*ALOIN= Aloe vera (Skin care)

*PHYLLANTHIN=Phyllanthus maderspatensis( Treatment of Jaundice)

*VASCIN=Justicia adathoda (or)Adathodai(Branchodilator)

*CURCUMIN= Curcuma longa( Anti bacterial)

*MIMOSIN= Mimosa pudica( Treats asthma,Piles and Whooping cough)

*GINSENG= Panax ginseng (Relaxation of physical and mental stress)

*SOLANIN and SAPONIN= Solanum nigrum ( Treatment of Liver cirrhosis)

*NICOTINE,NORNICOTINE and ANABASINE= Nicotiana tabaccum( Used as Sedative, Antispasmodic and Insecticide)

*STROMONIUM= Datura stramonium( Treat asthma and Whooping cough)

*ATROPINE= Atropa belladonna(Relieving muscular pain)

SOME OTHER SECONDARY METABOLITES OF VARIOUS ORIGIN:

*PIGMENTS= Carotenoids, Anthocyanins etc

*ALKALOIDS= Morphine,Codeine etc

*TERPENOIDES= Monoterpenes,Diterpenes etc

*ESSENTIAL OILS= Lemon grass oil,etc

*TOXINS= Abrin and Ricin

*LECTINS=Concanavalin A

*DRUGS= Vinblastine,Curcumin,etc.

*POLYMERIC SUBSTANCES= Rubber,gums and Cellulose.

*COLCHICINE= Colchicum autumnale(induce Polyploidy).

2.IMPORTANT  ANTIBIOTICS AND SOURCES :

*OXYTETRACYCLINE and TERRAMYCIN= Streptomyces rimosus

*SUBTILIN= Bacillus subtilis

*BACITRACIN= Bacillus licheniformis(Syphilis)

*PENICILLIN= Penicillium notatum and Penicillium chrysogenum(against Gram Positive Pneumonia bacteria)

*CHLORTETRACYCLINE= Streptomyces aureofaciens

*STREPTOMYSIN= Streptomyces griseus(Tuberculosis and Meningitis)

*ERYTHROMYCIN= Streptomyces erythraeus

*CHLOROMYCETIN= Streptomyces Venezuelan(Typhoid fever)

*GRISEOFULVIN= Penicillium spp.(Ringworm and Athelete's foot)

*AUREOMYCIN=Streptomyces aureofaciens (Osteomyelitis, Whooping cough and eye infections)

*NEOMYCIN=Streptomyces fradiae

*POLYMYXIN= Bacillus polymyxa

*KANAMYCIN= Streptomyces kanamyceticus.

3.INDIAN PLANT BREEDERS:

*Dr.M.S.SWAMINATHAN= He is pioneer mutation breeder.He is called as "Father of Green Revolution of India.

*Sir.T.S.VENKATARAMAN= An eminent sugarcane breeder.

*Dr.B.P.PAL= Famous wheat breeder, developed superior disease  resistant varieties of wheat.

*Dr.K.RAMIAH= Eminent rice breeder, developed several high yielding varieties of rice.

*N.G.P. RAO= An eminent Sorghum breeder, developed world's first hybrid of Sorghum( CSH-1)

*C.T.PATEL= Who developed world's first cotton hybrid.

*CHOUDHARY RAM DHAN= Wheat breeder,who is famous for C-591 variety of Wheat,which is made Punjab as Wheat granary of India.

4.CLASSIFICATION OF BIOFERTILIZERS WITH EXAMPLES

*NITROGEN FIXING BIOFERTILIZERS=

1)Free living (Azotobacter, Clostridium,Anabaena,Nostoc),

2) Symbiotic (Rhizobium, Anabaena azollae),

3)Associative Symbiotic (Azospirillum).

*PHOSPHORUS SOLUBILIZING BIOFERTILIZERS=

1) Bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas striata),

2)Fungi(Penicillium, Aspergillus).

*PHOSPHORUS MOBILIZING BIOFERTILIZERS=

1)Arbuscular Mycorrhiza(Glomus,Scutellospora),

2)Ectomycorhiza(Amanita).

*BIOFERTILIZERS FOR MICRONUTRIENTS=

1) Silicate and Zinc solubilized(Bacillus).

*PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA= 

1) Pseudomonas (Pseudomonas fluorescence)

*AZOLLA PINNATA= It is a free floating water fern fixes atmospheric Nitrogen in association with nitrogen fixing blue green alga Anabaena azolla.In India ,it is used as biofertilizer for wetland rice cultivation.

*BIO-PESTICIDES= 

1)Trichoderma viridae (fungus).

2)Beauveria ia an entomo-pathogenic fungus, naturally controls arthropods species .

*GREEN MANURING= Crotalaria juncia,Tephrosia purpurea,Indigofera tinctorial,Cassia mimusoides,Glycine max, Indigofera linifolia,Sesbania prostrata,Acacia nilotica,Leucena, Lathyrus and Mucuna.

*GREEN INSITU MANURING (or) GREEN LEAF MANURING=Cassia fistula,Sesbania grandiflora,Azadirachta indica,Dilonix regia and Pongamia pinnata.

*CYANOBACTERIA ACT AS BIOFERTILIZER=Anabaena,Calothrix,Gleocapsa,Lyngbya, Nostoc,Oscillatoria and Scytonema.

By

Mr.R.Soundarapandian, MSc, MEd, MPhil, 

PG Asst Zoology 

SIR MCTM Boys Higher Secondary School, 

Purasawalkam Chennai-84.