Living world
Some examples of energy transformation
1. Chemical to electrical.
Example- Nerve cell
2. Light to electrical.
Example- Retina of eye
3. Chemical to osmotic.
Example- kidney
4. Chemical to mechanical.
Example- muscles and cilia.
5. Sound to electrical.
Example- Ear.
6. Chemical to light.
Example- Bioluminescence.
7. Chemical to heat.
Example- Homeothermy.
History of classification.
References of classification of organisms are available in Upanishads and Vedas.
1. Chandyogya upanishad.
In this, animals are classified into 3 categories- viviparous Jivaja, oviparous Andaja and minute Udbhija.
2. Susruta samhita.
It classified all substances into sthavara (immobile). Example- plants and jangama (mobile). Example- animals.
3. Parasara.
Here, angiosperms were classified into dvimatruka (dicotyledons) and ekamatruka (Monocotyledons).
He was even able to find that dicotyledons bear jalika parana (reticulate veined leaves) and monocotyledons bear maun laparna (parallel veined leaves).
4. Hippocrates and Aristotle.
They classified animals into 4 major groups like insects, birds, fishes and whales in his Scala naturae.
Code of biological nomenclature.
ICBN- International code of Botanical Nomenclature.
ICZN- International code of Zoological Nomenclature.
ICVN- International code of Viral Nomenclature.
ICNCP- International code of Nomenclature for cultivated plants.
Dr. A. KINGSLIN M.Sc, BEd, Phd
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